Are Hackney's streets lined with gold?

Three new 'cash for gold'/pawnbrokers have opened up next to the Pembury Estate in Hackney since the riots in the borough last year. This means there are now seven stores offering to buy and sell gold on Hackney Central's high street the Narroway. 

The newest players in this gold rush are TGS Pawnbroker (pictured above) which looks up Clarence Road, the scene of pitched battles with the police in August last year. 

Pawnshops vs Gold ETFs: World Gold Council project?

Management at the highstreet pawnbroker Albermarle and Bond have told shareholders the company had a good start to the year and that this had continued into October.

The chart above (click to enlarge) shows the performance of two AIM (Alternative Investment Market) quoted pawnbrokers - H&T (Harvey and Thompson) and Albermarle and Bond - alongside the performance of the ETFS physical gold ETF (PHAU) Google Chart. It shows their share prices have under performed the dollar denominated gold ETF.

Despite the business model of these businesses becoming increasingly linked to the gold price the share prices aren't keeping up - probably due to nervousness around all small companies as the eurozone crisis continues.

This blog's attempts to get to grips with a gold ETF investment led to a number of trips into Hackney pawnbrokers, including Albermarle and Bond. While these pawnshops offer better deals on gold than most jewellers which buy gold - the seller hardly gets a good deal (pawnshops vs ETFs on price).

As far as I can tell pawnshops still prey mainly on poor people - amplifying their problems rather than solving them. (According to pawnbroker H&T, pawn shops are also increasingly used by the middle classes:Pawnbroker note rise in 'middle class' customers.)

Hackney in London, where I live, is full of pawnshops and betting shops. Neither are symbols of a healthy community.

Meanwhile the deals on offer in the UK appear to be worse than those offered in India by India's largest gold pawnbroker, Mathoots. The firm recently opened a store in the South London and the deal it offers is better than most UK pawnbrokers.

May be there's an opportunity here for the World Gold Council to do something useful. The organisation, which is financed by the world's gold miners, has a mission statement to "increase and sustain demand for gold."

The investment side of this has included creating the incredibly successful gold ETFs and now it also supports gold accounts like bullionVault.

But these innovations are for people whose gold ownership is a wealth preserver. Could it do something useful for people who are dealing in gold out of desperation?

It's a selfish argument for some one who owns gold, but it seems pretty obvious that fairer pawn shops would enable more people to maintain ownership.

And if poor people didn't have to sell their gold - often wedding jewellery - at knock down rates only for it to be melted down and sold to investors - the price of gold might be more stable.

(Telegraph story: Pawnbroker thrives in downturn, has interesting comments)

H&T reported a huge rise in the number of people who failed to pay back loans, thus forsaking their jewellery. At the same time this blog found out that Muslims in East London, who are forbidden from paying interest, have been using pawnbrokers, often putting their wedding gold at risk in doing so.

Not only will a pawnshop not take into consideration craftsmanship (even though they sometimes re-sell jewellery) but even the scrap value is highly favourable to the pawnshop.

Then, when a person wants to replace their jewellery they have to pay a huge premium for craftsmanship again.

Surely more people would own gold and trust it if there were fairer ways for them to borrow against it and benefit from its investment value when they need it. Instead pawnshops buy up their jewellery, melt it down and sell it. This, according to precious metals analysts GFMS, was a significant supply of gold last year, and, as such, will have helped keep its price down.

GFMS analysts said that the supply of scrap gold increased significantly in 2009 in North America and Europe. "Much of this growth was a result of heavy promotion by an improving network of scrap collectors, who made great use of consumer's need to sell unwanted jewellery to raise cash in a challenging economic environment." Read H&T's results to see how they cashed in on this with their "gold bars".

Gold investors: support competitive pawnshops

Sweeping reports on the global gold market can be too slick for investors like me to get their heads around. But I want my gold exchange traded fund investment (PHAU) to have a foundation in something that I can see for myself. This might be an unrealistic aim but I'm trying.

So far...

When I checked my local gold market on the Narroway in Hackney Central the pawnbrokers offered better prices for scrap gold than the jewellers.

That was all I could squeeze out of my first aimless mission. Then a foray south into Tower Hamlets found muslim gold owners breaking their religious code to pawn their gold.

What next?

If my local gold market is dominated by pawnshops are they offering a good deal? A possible lead came from the BBC report on the gold buying season in India by Delhi reporter, Mark Dummett, for BBC Radio 4's The World Tonight.

Dummett talked about the big business of lending against gold in India and one successful example of a company that does it: Muthoot Finance.

Muthoot, which listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange in May, also opened its first store in the UK last year in the heart of London's Indian community in Southall, in west London. In the UK it charges interest rates between 5.99% per month (for loans between £20 and £199) up to 2.5% (for loans above £3000).

Taken at face value these rates look far better than the 8% per month offered by pawnshops in most other UK high streets.

That's what I was offered at a Money Shop in Bethnal Green - (I couldn't find the rate on its website) and it's the going rate at H&T, a publicly listed UK pawnbroker which explained the deal in its full year results published in March 2011.

H&T said that 95% of the collateral for its loans was gold jewellery, precious metals and/or diamonds. It said: "The pawnbroking contract is a six month credit agreement bearing a monthly average interest rate of 8%."

It also said that if a customer "does not redeem the goods by repaying the secured loan before the end of the contract" it will "dispose of the goods either through public auctions... or the Retail or Scrap activities of the Group."

Since last year there seems to have been a monumental rise in the amount of people failing to collect their items. The group reported scrap profits from "items forfeited from the Group's pledge book contributed £9.0 million (to profits) in 2010" compared to £2.1 million in 2009. However I'm not sure if those figures should be taken at face value (there was some kind of technical postscript).

This looks interesting. My guess is that most of this reclaimed gold will not be recycled as jewellery in the current climate because there are too few buyers (that's what Hackney jewellers were saying).

So what happens to this gold? Does it re-enter the financial system where investors like me buy and sell depending on the price but have no real demand or desire for the metal itself?

May be it would be better for gold investors if people who owned it kept hold of it - even if it remains in a pawnshop's safe. That's not likely to happen while loan rates remain so high. The double disadvantage for anyone pawning their jewellery is that they only get scrap value (weight) and if they want to replace it they'll have to pay the premium for craftsmanship as well as the spread on the gold price.

Before getting too excited about the Indian invasion this isn't a massively well researched piece and although I've put in some questions to the companies mentioned, none have got back to me.

Back to the slippery global picture, the current high price of gold is not expected to deter Indian retail buyers (the biggest demand for gold).

But some Indians think gold loan firms like Muthoot are selling their deals too hard and I haven't checked what the rate of 'forfeit' is for Muthoot - although a lower loan rate is likely to help.

ETF relevance?

I need to get a picture of how important the scrap market is to the global price. In its 2010 Gold Survey analysts at GFMS, a precious metals research agency, said there were three sources of supply in the global gold market.

The first was mining which accounted for 2,572 tonnes in 2009 and the second was scrap at 1,674 tonnes (39% of total supply) with central bank third and only accounting for 41 tonnes.

GFMS analysts said that the supply of scrap gold increased significantly in 2009 in North America and Europe. "Much of this growth was a result of heavy promotion by an improving network of scrap collectors, who made great use of consumer's need to sell unwanted jewellery to raise cash in a challenging economic environment." Read H&T's results to see how they cashed in on this with their "gold bars".

The question is how much of the "unwanted jewellery" was really unwanted and whether that supply would have been less if consumers were offered better deals?